The oppression that drove the puritans to the new world

The writings and ideas of John Calvin, a leader in the Reformation, gave rise to Protestantism and were pivotal to the Christian revolt. They contended that The Church of England had become a product of political struggles and man-made doctrines. The Puritans were one branch of dissenters who decided that the Church of England was beyond reform.

Those five are the duties of universal obligation. Knowledge, magnanimity, and energy, these three, are the virtues universally binding.

And the means by which they carry the duties into practice is singleness. Some are born with the knowledge of those duties; some know them by study; and some acquire the knowledge after a painful feeling of their ignorance. But the knowledge being possessed, it comes to the same thing.

Some practice them with a natural ease; some from a desire for their advantages; and some by strenuous effort. But the achievement being made, it comes to the same thing. Confucius If a Western person is not aware of the very different relational presumptions built into Confucian ideas of reciprocal duty, he or she is likely to presume that the independent pursuit of needs and wants is central to involvement in such relationships.

History of Religion in America

Robert Westwood does this when he sums up the Confucian position from a Western perspective. He assumes that all individuals are 'free actors' who 'lose freedom' when they are required to accept super-ordinate or subordinate hierarchical status.

It is this that allows him to speak about relative 'power' in hierarchical, interdependent relationships: Challenges to authority and the 'natural' order are not countenanced. This is encapsulated in the Confucian precepts of the so-called 'Five Cardinal Relationships' or wu lun, which delineate a hierarchical power structure over key societal relationships.

The wu lun are dyadic sets of unequal, mostly hierarchical relationships between emperor - minister, father - son, husband - wife, older brother - younger brother, friend - friend.

Although the power structure is differentiated and unequal except for the lattermutual obligations and reciprocities are inherent in the relationships. The person in the dominant position expects and receives obedience, deference and compliance, but in return should respect the dignity of the lower party and provide appropriate care and concern.

Chinese often view themselves interdependent with the surrounding social context, and it is the 'self in relation to other' that becomes the focal individual experience. This view of an interdependent self is in sharp contrast to the Western view of an independent self.

• Introduction
• Top stories
• Motives For Colonization
• Why Did the Puritans Really Leave England for the New World? | Owlcation
• The Religious Society of Friends takes shape

The latter sees each human being as an independent, self-contained, autonomous entity who a comprises a unique configuration of internal attributes e. This divergent view of self has implications for a variety of basic psychological processes e. It is very easy for a researcher or commentator to apply his or her own understandings of the nature of relationships to those observed in other communities.

Westwood does this when he assumes that hierarchical relationships must involve dominance and subservience, relative power and powerlessness. These are features of relationships between individuals who define themselves as 'free actors'.

They see relationships of dependence in terms of costs and benefits and degrees of loss of independence The independent self is quintessentially Western. The interdependent self, in one guise or another, is found in communities where individuals know who they are through the forms of relationship they recognize between themselves and other members of the community.

George Orwell

They perceive rights and responsibilities as qualities of the interactants rather than inhering in the 'objects' of interaction as rules of acquisition. In such communities the rights and obligations of individuals in exchange relationships remain with the interactants rather than being attached to the objects of exchange.The Puritans were in alliance with the growing commercial world, the parliamentary opposition to the royal prerogative, The Salem witch trials of had a lasting impact on the historical reputation of New England Puritans.

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9 terms. chocola Religious persecution drove thousands of Puritans to New England. Winthrop thought they would create a "city on a hill". Volume VI, Number 2. THE LONG EUROPEAN REFORMATION: A PROPOSAL FOR A NEW INTERPRETIVE MODEL Peter Wallace. In the spring of the Catholic pastor for the small town of Munster in Upper Alsace, Antoine Maurer, petitioned his religious superior, the bishop of Basel, to order Maurer’s patron, the Benedictine abbot in Munster, for an increase in wages.

MANIFEST DESTINY and Other Crimes Against The Native American Nations

Engel v arteensevilla.com-The case was brought by the families of public school students in New Hyde Park, New York who complained the prayer to "Almighty God" contradicted their religious beliefs. They were supported by groups opposed to the school prayer including rabbinical organizations, Ethical Culture, and Judaic organizations.

Fifty Orwell Essays

Zoroastrianism Zoroastrianism is a religion with a highly developed eschatology: Along with this cosmic eschatological battle, Zoroastrianism developed messianic traditions focused on its founder, the Iranian prophet Zarathustra often known by the Greek form of his name, Zoroasterwhose ministry which some scholars date as late as the 6th century bce and others at least as early as c.

Chapter 3 (Part 1) | Mid-Term STUDY. PLAY. c. English oppression drove the Iroquois to the side of the French, who eagerly sought their support. of the new colony of North Carolina attracted enough whites to make up for the loss of those who would have come to the New World as indentured servants.

b. Bacon's Rebellion reminded.